Modern Strategies In Infection Prevention And Control: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a cornerstone of patient safety and healthcare quality, essential for mitigating the global burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on modern IPC strategies, integrating epidemiological data, core program components, and innovative interventions. HAIs such as surgical site infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and Clostridioides difficile infections impose significant morbidity, mortality, and economic costs, with higher incidence in low- and middle-income countries. Effective IPC relies on a multimodal approach encompassing standard and transmission-based precautions, hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, antimicrobial stewardship, and robust surveillance systems. Recent advancements include the integration of electronic health records, artificial intelligence for outbreak detection, no-touch disinfection technologies (e.g., UV-C, hydrogen peroxide vapor), and simulation-based training. Despite progress, challenges persist, including staffing shortages, resource limitations, IPC compliance fatigue, and cultural barriers. The future of IPC lies in genomic surveillance, AI-driven risk prediction, and the embedding of IPC within organizational safety cultures to ensure sustainable, resilient healthcare systems.​