Cardiac Arrest Survival: Comparative Analysis Of Out-Of-Hospital Resuscitation Protocols

Abstract

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a major global health challenge with generally poor survival rates despite advances in emergency medical care. This research presents a comparative analysis of different resuscitation protocols implemented across various international settings to identify key factors influencing survival and neurological outcomes. The study systematically reviews protocols including early recognition, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), public access automated external defibrillators (AEDs), emergency medical services (EMS) response, and post-arrest hospital care. The analysis highlights the critical importance of early intervention, community engagement, and integrated care systems. Significant disparities exist between urban and rural areas, and among different population subgroups, underscoring the need for tailored implementations. Findings emphasize the effectiveness of dispatcher-assisted CPR and uninterrupted chain-of-survival measures, alongside advanced post-resuscitation care such as therapeutic hypothermia and coronary intervention. The paper concludes with recommendations for enhancing protocol dissemination, improving EMS efficiency, and expanding public education to improve overall OHCA survival and neurological recovery rates globally.