The Impact Of Preoperative Optimization In Patients With Chronic Comorbidities: A Prospective Study In Surgical Internal Medicine Of Veracruz

Abstract

Introduction: This research aims to systematically review the existing scientific literature on the effects of preoperative optimization on patients with chronic diseases. The focus is on reducing perioperative complications, improving clinical outcomes, and enhancing the effectiveness of care in surgical internal medicine.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using 20 articles from Scopus and Web of Science published between 2020 and 2025. The selected studies addressed interventions such as comprehensive geriatric assessments, remote care, anemia management, anticoagulation reversal, prehabilitation, and risk stratification tools.

Results: The results indicate an overall trend toward decreased adverse events after surgery, improved functional recovery, and reduced hospitalization duration in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, depression, and frailty.

Conclusions: The study concludes that preoperative optimization, when carried out in a multidisciplinary manner with a clear protocol, significantly improves the quality of surgical care for complex patients. This represents an evidence-based practice that should be integrated as an essential component of the surgical process. In this way, the study provides a basis for developing institutional policies and future research aimed at confirming the efficacy and sustainability of preoperative optimization in different clinical contexts.